Plants represent valuable sources of chemical compounds with potential
bioactive properties. These substances fulfill essential metabolic functions in plants, such
as defense against pathogens and growth regulation. Upon isolation, they are utilized as
dietary supplement ingredients and find application in the prevention of various
disorders and the treatment of chronic diseases. They exhibit advantages over chemical
preparations as they are readily absorbed by the body, mostly devoid of side effects, do
not accumulate in the organism, and their harmful effects are limited. Isolated bioactive
substances exert beneficial effects on the human body through various pharmacological
properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and
antiviral activities. Among them are polyphenolic compounds, glycosides, saponins,
pectins, alkaloids, mucilages, terpenes, mineral components and vitamins, enzymes, and
pigments. However, it is important to note that some of them may have undesirable
effects. Nevertheless, bioactive compounds from plants are of immense significance
from both health and therapeutic perspectives. Consequently, research in this direction
holds substantial importance for the development of new medical therapies and the
promotion of a healthy lifestyle. This review presents selected methods for the extraction
of bioactive compounds, enabling their isolation in an economical, efficient, and
environmentally friendly manner.