Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most important cereal crops cultivated in the world due to its ability to produce high yields even when grown under environmental stress conditions. About 27,0 0 0 Secale accessions have been col- lected and preserved in 70 gene banks worldwide. Although the germplasm represents a great source of genetic diver- sity, the molecular characteristics refers only to the part of them. Here, we present data obtained by the Simple Se- quence Repeat markers (SSR) analysis of 100 rye accessions preserved in the gene bank of the Polish Academy of Sci- ences Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Con- servation in Powsin. Additionally, the data presented in this article refers to evaluation of agronomoic traits and weather conditions measured for 14 years. The data was used in the research article “Investigation of obsolete diversity of rye (Secale cereale L.) using multiplexed SSR fingerprinting and evaluation of agronomic traits”.