The wide distribution of mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, in the environment and their influence on living organisms make them aninteresting research problem. Numerous complications of intoxication with these substances are known, however, particular attention is paid to the effectson the skeletal and nervous systems. The inflammatory effect, presented by the increase in the concentration of cytokines - IL-6 and TNF-α may influencethe immune dysregulation present in bone metabolism disorders, as well as in neurodegeneration. Mycotoxins also contribute to osteodegeneration bymodifying vitamin D metabolism. Interestingly, and still unexplored, is the mechanism of intrauterine influence on bone metabolism and neurodegenerationprocesses. Understanding the above mechanisms may help in monitoring the toxic effects of intoxication with these toxins. It can also help developmethods of therapy for poisoning with this compound, in animals and humans.