The study aimed to summarize the knowledge about selected biochemical processes involved in the process of learning and memorizing in particular brain structures. The brain of mammals is composed of many structures and each of them is involved in the creation of memory processes to a different degree. The relevant element is the hippocampus, which is responsible for transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Learning and memory are also greatly influenced by compounds called neurosteroids, which work by stimulating or inhibiting synaptic transmission. De novo synthesized neurosteroids in most areas of the brain are endogenous modulators of learning and memory formation in the hippocampus.