The aim of this study was to determine the impact of environmental factors (index of agricultural production quality,forest cover rate, forest fragmentation index, the share of different habitat types, and selected meteorological factors) on thevalue of kidney fat index (KFI) and carcass weight of roe deer Capreolus capreolus. The research material consisted of 344individuals of roe deer C. capreolus over the age of 3 years (296 bucks and 48 does). Roe deer for testing were obtained from15 forest districts in the Lublin region, Poland. The KFI and carcass weight were measured. A multiple regression model wasused to assess the impact of a number of environmental factors on the value of KFI in roe deer. The study showed no significantdifferences in KFI values between bucks and does. Indicators of the body condition of bucks were positively affected by theshare of habitats occupied by fresh mixed deciduous forest and the index of agricultural production quality. The share ofhabitats with fresh coniferous forest and fresh mixed deciduous forest as well as the fragmentation of forests, had a positiveinfluence on the KFI values and carcass weight of does. This study shows that the management of roe deer populations shouldtake into account the impact of landscape structure and habitat quality.